01 - Peel away any wilted or damaged outer leaves from the cabbage. Cut into quarters, remove the tough core, and slice the leaves as thinly and evenly as possible using a sharp knife or mandoline.
02 - Transfer the shredded cabbage to a large mixing bowl and sprinkle the fine sea salt evenly over the top.
03 - Work the salt into the cabbage vigorously with clean hands for 5 to 10 minutes, squeezing and kneading until the cabbage softens and releases enough natural juice to create a brine.
04 - If desired, add caraway seeds, grated carrot, or thinly sliced apple to the mixture and toss until evenly distributed throughout the cabbage.
05 - Transfer the cabbage and all accumulated liquid into a sterilized fermentation crock or a large glass jar with at least 2-liter capacity. Press the cabbage down firmly with your fists or a fermentation tamper, packing it tightly and ensuring the brine completely covers the cabbage.
06 - Place a fermentation weight or a clean smaller jar filled with water on top of the cabbage to keep it fully submerged beneath the brine. Cover the vessel with a breathable cloth or a fermentation lid that allows gases to escape while keeping contaminants out.
07 - Store the jar at room temperature between 65°F and 72°F, away from direct sunlight, for 7 to 21 days. Begin tasting after 1 week and continue fermenting until the desired level of tanginess is reached.
08 - Once the preferred flavor has developed, transfer the vessel to the refrigerator to halt fermentation. Serve chilled or at room temperature as a side dish, condiment, or ingredient in traditional preparations.